Dog age chart

Dog years to human years for every age from 1 to 20, by adult size. The first year counts as 15 human years and the second as 9 more; after that big dogs age faster than small ones. Each age links to its own page with the life stage and what your dog needs then.

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Dog's age	Toy / small under 28 lb	Medium 28–55 lb	Large 55–100 lb	Giant over 100 lb	Epigenetic clock
1 year	15	15	15	15	31
2 years	24	24	24	24	42
3 years	28	29	30	31	49
4 years	32	34	36	38	53
5 years	36	39	42	45	57
6 years	40	44	48	52	60
7 years	44	49	54	59	62
8 years	48	54	60	66	64
9 years	52	59	66	73	66
10 years	56	64	72	80	68
11 years	60	69	78	87	69
12 years	64	74	84	94	71
13 years	68	79	90	101	72
14 years	72	84	96	108	73
15 years	76	89	102	115	74
16 years	80	94	108	122	75
17 years	84	99	114	129	76
18 years	88	104	120	136	77
19 years	92	109	126	143	78
20 years	96	114	132	150	79

puppy young adult mature adult senior (last quarter of expected lifespan, AAHA 2019). Size-adjusted chart: +4 human years per dog year for toy and small dogs after age 2, +5 medium, +6 large, +7 giant. Epigenetic clock: 16 × ln(age) + 31 (Wang 2020).

Dog age chart by breed

The 30 most popular breeds, with the human-year equivalent at common ages and the age each becomes a senior. The senior threshold is the last quarter of the breed's expected lifespan, so a Great Dane is a senior at 6 while a Chihuahua reaches it at 11.

Breed	Size	1 yr	3 yr	5 yr	7 yr	10 yr	12 yr	15 yr	Senior from
Labrador Retriever	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	8.5
German Shepherd Dog	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	6.5
Golden Retriever	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	8.5
French Bulldog	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	8.5
Bulldog	Medium	15	29	39	49	64	74	89	7
Beagle	Medium	15	29	39	49	64	74	89	9.5
Poodle (Miniature)	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10.5
Poodle (Standard)	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	10.5
Poodle (Toy)	Toy	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10.5
Rottweiler	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	7
German Shorthaired Pointer	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	8.5
Yorkshire Terrier	Toy	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10
Boxer	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	8.5
Dachshund	Medium	15	29	39	49	64	74	89	10.5
Pembroke Welsh Corgi	Medium	15	29	39	49	64	74	89	9.5
Siberian Husky	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	10
Great Dane	Giant	15	31	45	59	80	94	115	6.5
Australian Shepherd	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	10
Doberman Pinscher	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	8.5
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10
Miniature Schnauzer	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10
Shih Tzu	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10.5
Boston Terrier	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	9
Bernese Mountain Dog	Large	15	30	42	54	72	84	102	6.5
Pomeranian	Toy	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10.5
Havanese	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	11.5
Shetland Sheepdog	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10
Brittany	Medium	15	29	39	49	64	74	89	10
English Springer Spaniel	Medium	15	29	39	49	64	74	89	10
Pug	Small	15	28	36	44	56	64	76	10.5

All 277 breeds: breed lifespans. Each breed page has its own prefilled age calculator.

Your dog's age

Your dog's age in human years

36human years

Size-adjusted chart (AVMA style). The epigenetic clock, calibrated on Labradors, says 57: it ages dogs faster early and slower later.

Life stage nowmature adult
Senior from about8 years
Typical lifespan for this size or breed10–14 years
Roughly the human equivalent ofa 36-year-old

Why the chart is shaped like this

Dogs reach sexual maturity in their first year and are fully adult by two, which is why year one is worth 15 human years and year two brings the total to 24. After that, the rate depends on size. In the 2024 UK study of 584,734 dogs, small breeds had a median lifespan of 12.7 years, medium 12.5 and large 11.9, and the shortest-lived breeds were all giants. Bigger dogs grow faster, and faster growth brings cancer, heart disease and joint failure sooner.

The epigenetic clock column comes from a 2020 study that compared DNA methylation patterns in Labradors with those of humans of known age. It says dogs age very fast early (a one-year-old is 31 in human terms) and slowly later (a 14-year-old is 73). The two methods disagree in the middle years; both agree that a dog is adult by two and old in the last quarter of its expected lifespan.

Using the chart

Mixed breeds: use adult weight to pick the column. A 40 lb mix is medium.
Puppies under one: scale year one: a 6-month-old puppy is roughly 7 to 8 in human terms.
Senior care: when your dog crosses into the amber cells, switch to six-monthly vet visits with bloodwork. Start with the senior dog checklist.

Frequently asked questions

How do I read a dog age chart?

Find your dog's age in the first column and read across to the column for its adult size. The number is the age of a human at a similar point in life. A 5-year-old medium dog reads 39: an adult in the prime of life. A 10-year-old giant breed reads 80: a senior.

Is the "one dog year equals seven human years" rule accurate?

No. It came from dividing a human lifespan of about 70 by a dog lifespan of about 10 and it ignores how fast dogs mature. A one-year-old dog is closer to a 15-year-old human, and after two the pace depends on size: about 4 human years per dog year for small breeds and 7 for giants.

Which dog age chart is the most accurate?

None is a measurement. The size-adjusted chart on this page follows the AVMA and AKC approach and matches how vets stage dogs (adult by two, senior in the last quarter of expected lifespan). The 2020 epigenetic clock (16 × ln(age) + 31) is based on DNA methylation in Labradors and is a useful second opinion that ages dogs faster early and slower later.

How old is a 10-year-old dog in human years?

About 56 for a toy or small dog, 64 for a medium dog, 72 for a large dog and 80 for a giant breed on the size-adjusted chart. The epigenetic clock gives 68 for all sizes.

When does a dog become a senior?

In the last quarter of its expected lifespan (AAHA 2019): about 6 to 7 years for giants, 8 for large breeds, 9 for medium and 10 to 11 for small breeds. The breed table above shows the threshold for popular breeds.

Can I share or print this chart?

Yes. The chart image is free to use on your website, in a clinic or on social media with a link back to tailyears.com. The embeddable calculator updates itself when the science does.

Sources

Wang T, Ma J, Hogan AN, et al. Quantitative translation of dog-to-human aging by conserved remodeling of the DNA methylome. Cell Systems. 2020;11(2):176-185. doi.org/10.1016/j.cels.2020.06.006
Creevy KE, Grady J, Little SE, et al. 2019 AAHA Canine Life Stage Guidelines. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association. 2019;55(6):267-290. www.aaha.org/resources/life-stage-canine-2019/
McMillan KM, Bielby J, Williams CL, Upjohn MM, Casey RA, Christley RM. Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death. Scientific Reports. 2024;14:531. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w
American Veterinary Medical Association. Senior pets: how old is old? www.avma.org/resources-tools/pet-owners/petcare/senior-pets